豆-禾混播草地中紫花苜蓿比例对其固氮效率的影响及潜在生理机制

【目的】 通过研究豆草比例对紫花苜蓿-羊草混播草地豆科植物生物固氮的影响及其生理生态机制,深化对混播群落结构和生物固氮功能关系的理解,辅助豆-禾混播草地的科学建植和管理,提高混播草地生物固氮和土壤肥力,提升草地资源生产和生态保障能力。【方法】 2017年5月,利用紫花苜蓿和羊草为试验材料,采取随机区组设计,于中国科学院长岭草地农牧生态研究站内建植不同豆草比例（紫花苜蓿占比为25%、50%、75%、100%）的紫花苜蓿-羊草混播草地,4次重复。建植一年后,通过样方取样法调查混播草地群落结构变化,测定紫花苜蓿叶片、枝条和根系生长发育、光合和水分等生理代谢特征,在测定根系结瘤特征基础上,采取¹⁵N同位素自然丰度法评估紫花苜蓿固氮效率,结合土壤水分动态监测,分析豆草比例对紫花苜蓿生物固氮的影响及其生理生态机制。【结果】 （1）混播草地建植一年后,对应25%、50%、75% 和100%设计的豆草混播比例,混播草地实际紫花苜蓿占比分别为11%、27%、53%和100%。（2）对比25%、75%和100%的初始豆草种植比例,50%的初始豆草比例下,生长季平均土壤水分含量分别增加了21.4%、36.4%和51.7%。（3）50%豆草种植比例下,紫花苜蓿植株有更大的枝条和根系生物量、叶片数量、叶片面积、叶片厚度和叶片生物量,上述指标最小值出现在100%的豆草播种比例。（4）50%豆草种植比例下,紫花苜蓿具有最大的光合速率,枝条和根系中淀粉含量最高,但枝条和根系中可溶性糖含量最低。（5）50%的初始豆草混播比例下,紫花苜蓿根瘤发育更完善,其生物固氮率较25%、75%和100%的豆草混播比例分别提高了13.5%、44.6%和79.2%。回归分析表明,随豆草比例变化,紫花苜蓿生物固氮效率与土壤含水量呈正相关。【结论】 紫花苜蓿-羊草混播草地中,紫花苜蓿生物固氮能力与豆草比例间存在非直线型变化关系。当初始豆草种植比例为50%时,紫花苜蓿生物固氮率最大。豆草比例驱动土壤水分变化,进而通过调控叶片发育和光合等途径改变了紫花苜蓿植株和根瘤发育,是其影响生物固氮的潜在机制。     

土壤日晒在绿色植保中的应用与展望

土壤消毒主要用于土壤病虫草害防控。过去几十年,土壤主要采用化学药品熏蒸消毒,不合理使用容易造成环境污染。土壤蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒和热水浇灌等需要专门的仪器设备,且存在能耗较高、灭生性强、容易破坏土壤结构等缺点。目前,土壤日晒技术受到意大利、美国、以色列等70多个国家农业科学家的广泛关注,但在中国依然处于初级阶段。本文总结了国内外学者关于土壤日晒对农业病虫草害、土壤肥力、农作物产量等方面的影响与应用,分析了土壤日晒存在的局限性,并对土壤日晒在未来农业绿色防控上的应用前景进行了展望,以期为农产品无公害生产提供理论依据和实践参考。     

疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响

为了研究疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响,以不疏花为对照,在初花期对其进行疏花处理,统计疏花量、记录果实发育情况及成熟日期,并测定果实成熟时的品质和整个过程中树体叶片营养变化情况。据统计,每株树的平均疏花量达到80%-90%左右,疏掉的小穗数、支穗数和侧穗数分别为89.81%、89.74%、81.82%。试验结果表明,疏花使无核荔枝的果实发育情况及果实成熟时的可食率、单果重、总糖、维生素C、还原糖均高于对照；果实成熟时,平均单株产量提高70.59%；疏花处理的果实成熟期较对照提前7天左右；该过程中树体叶片N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg含量在前期高于而后期稍低于对照。疏花加快了无核荔枝果实生长发育,并提高了果实的产量和品质。     

Salvianolate attenuates oxidative stress injury of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide

AIM: To investigate the effect of salvianolate on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.METHODS: EA.hy926 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into the following groups:control group, damage group, and anti-damage groups (salvianolate+damage groups). The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The migration ability of the EA.hy926 cells was detected by Transwell assay. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of the EA.hy926 cells was examined. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by ELISA. The apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular superoxide anion content of the EA.hy926 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB and p53 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with damage group, the viability of EA.hy926 cells pretreated with salvianolate at different concentrations was significantly increased (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Savianolate enhanced the migration ability of the cells. The levels of VEGF, NO and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were increased (P<0.05), and the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB, p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased, and the protein level of Bcl-2 was markedly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Savianolate reduces the damage of EA.hy926 cells by hydrogen peroxide exposure, and its mechanism may be related to the blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway.     

樱桃番茄抗青枯病砧木新品种海茄砧1 号的选育

海茄砧1 号是以野生茄子自交系HZ09-5 为母本，以从越南引进的茄子品种自交系HZ10-2 为父本育成的高抗青枯 病樱桃番茄砧木品种。植株生长势较强，第1 雌花节位约为第7 节，花为紫色，果实卵圆形，青熟果淡绿紫色或淡绿色，果 萼绿色，果长7～9 cm，果宽4～6 cm，单果质量为50～60 g，种子千粒重为3.2 g 左右，种皮浅黄色，高抗青枯病。海茄砧 1 号与樱桃番茄的嫁接亲和性好，共生性强，嫁接苗成活率高。嫁接后的樱桃番茄果萼开展，果面有光泽，可明显改善果实 VC、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质，提高产量。适宜华南地区樱桃番茄的嫁接栽培。     

A rapid,simple, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay with silica nanoparticles for serotype identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

An agglutination test based on colored silica nanoparticles (colored SiNps) was established to detect serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monodisperse colored SiNps were used as agglutination test carriers. The colored SiNps were prepared through reverse microemulsion with reactive dyes, sensitized with 11 kinds of mono-specific antibodies against P. aeruginosa, and denoted as IgG-colored SiNps. Eleven kinds of IgG-colored SiNps were individually mixed with P. aeruginosa on a glass slide. Different serotypes of P. aeruginosa could be identified by agglutination test with evident agglutination. The P. aeruginosa could be detected in a range from 3.6 × 10⁵ to 3.6 × 10¹² cfu mL^?1. This new agglutination test was confirmed to be a specific, sensitive, fast, easy-to-perform, and cost-efficient tool for the routine diagnosis of P. aeruginosa.     

串番茄新品种红星302 的选育

红星302 是以抗病、耐低温弱光材料01-61 为母本，以01-23 为父本育成的串番茄一代杂种，无限生长类型，果实串收，果色亮红，果实椭圆形，酸甜适口，品质佳，VC 含量为364 mg · kg^-1，可滴定酸0.44%，可溶性糖4.25%，平均单果质量30.79 g，硬度为11.40×10⁵ Pa。单株结果数约为53个，产量4 900 kg ·（ 667 m²）^-1 左右，高抗蕨叶病毒病、青枯病，适宜河北地区冬季日光温室和早春保护地栽培。     

黄连中盐酸小檗碱的提取纯化及抑菌活性研究

为了探究盐酸小檗碱在植物病原真菌方面的抑制作用,以黄连根粉为材料,采用酸水法提取和乙醇重结晶获得盐酸小檗碱纯品,采用生长速率法研究了盐酸小檗碱对常见植物病原菌的抑制活性。结果表明,盐酸小檗碱的提取率为3.3%,经高效液相色谱法测得其含量为93.56%;抑菌活性试验表明,盐酸小檗碱在100μg/mL时对玉米大斑病菌的抑制率达99.9%,EC_(50)为8.20μg/mL,表现出比药剂对照噁霉灵和百菌清更高的抑制活性;进一步的试验表明,与噁霉灵及百菌清相比,盐酸小檗碱对玉米大斑病菌的抑制作用具有持效期长的特点。     

沂蒙山区金银花光合效率对土壤水分的响应

为探索抗旱灌木光合作用效率对土壤水分的响应特征与阈值效应，以沂蒙山区优势灌木金银花为材料布设盆栽模拟试验，通过人工灌水与植物自然耗水的方法进行控水处理，在不同水分梯度下测定分析了金银花的光合作用参数，并对土壤水分有效性进行了分级。结果表明:1）金银花叶片净光合速率（P_n）和水分利用效率（WUE）对土壤相对含水量（RSWC）具有明显的阈值响应规律，当RSWC分别为79.59%和47.43%时，金银花P_n、WUE达到最大值。当RSWC=29.71%时，制约光合效率的主要因子由气孔限制转为非气孔限制。2）确定了金银花光合作用的5个特征水分阈值:P_n水分补偿点、P_n水分均值点、P_n水分饱和点、WUE水分均值点和WUE水分高效点。同时，将金银花的土壤水分有效性划分了5个等级:高产高效水、高产中效水、中产高效水、低产低效水和无产无效水。3）田间水分管理时，为维持金银花较高的光合作用水平，应维持的土壤水分范围为:42.38%≤RSWC≤96.05%，避免土壤水分低于29.71%。研究结果可为沂蒙山区干旱逆境下金银花的风险诊断和田间水分管理提供科学依据。     

Effect of pidotimod on renal function and inflammatory response in rat IgA nephropathy model

AIM:To explore the effect of pidotimod on the renal function in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) rat model, and to further study whether this effect is related to the inhibition of inflammatory response. METHODS:The SD rats (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, IgAN model group, IgAN with prednisone treatment group and IgAN with pidotimod treatment group, with 9 rats in each group. The IgAN model was induced by consecutive oral administration of bovine gamma globulin (BGG) for 8 weeks followed by injection of BGG through tail vein for 3 d. After the IgAN model was established, the drug was continuously used for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were examined by an automated analyzer. IgA deposition in the renal tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin 1 in the renal tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the renal tissues were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS:No significant difference of the body weight was observed in different groups. Compared with control group, the content of urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas those were reversed by pidotimod treatment. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that pidotimod inhibited IgA deposition in the IgAN rats. Pitomod treatment inhibited the mRNA expression levels of renal fibrosis markers TGF-β1 and fibronectin 1, and the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the renal tissues of IgAN rats. CONCLUSION:Pidotimod alleviates IgAN progression in rats by inhibition of inflammatory response.